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It is one of the famous Châteaux de la Loire, a tray of French renaissance castles along the Loire River and its tributaries, from Angers to Orleans.
They were all built or modified from ancient medieval fortresses by the french kings or their favorites during the french "golden age" between the end of the 100-years-war against England and the religion civil wars between catholics and protestants.
They appeared after the french army had conquered
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Chenonceau was a Xth century stronghold by the Cher river.
It was transformed as it is now by Henri II favorite Diane de Poitier, into a lovely residence forming a bridge onto the river.
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By the death of the king, it was seized by his widow queen Catherine de Medicis, for her personnal use. She added splendid gardens along the river.
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It then passes to her son, King Henri III, and after his assassination to his widow Louise de Lorraine who retreated there like a nun.
It stayed mainly unchanged 'till now.
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It also is very famous for being a bridge between free zone and occupied zone during WWII, many clandestines (jews ans resistants mostly) escaping the german occupied zone this way.
More info @ www.chenonceau.com, but all written in French
LeBaron